The name diamond derives from the ancient Greek adamas ("invincible"). They have been treasured as gemstones since their use as religious icons in ancient India and usage in engraving tools also dates to early human history. Popularity of diamonds has risen since the 19th century because of increased supply, improved cutting and polishing techniques, growth in the world economy, and innovative and successful advertising campaigns. They are commonly judged by the "four Cs": carat, clarity, color, and cut.
Roughly 49% of diamonds originate from central and southern Africa, although significant sources of the mineral have been discovered in Canada,India, Russia, Brazil, and Australia. They are mined from Kimberlite and lamproite volcanic pipes, which can bring diamond crystals, originating from deep within the Earth where high pressures and temperatures enable them to form, to the surface. The mining and distribution of natural diamonds are subjects of frequent controversy such as with concerns over the sale of Conflict Diamonds. The origin of diamonds' emotional meaning has evolved over thousands of years. Their natural and amazing characteristics have inspired the deepest symbolism. The name diamond is derived from the Greek word adamas, meaning "unconquerable."
Diamonds superior durability led people to believe that it would give them strength, courage, success, and love. Its perfect symmetry symbolizes mental, emotional, and spiritual balance. The clarity and colorlessness were related to peace of mind and purity of the heart. The fire and brilliance are equated with creative energy and enlightenment.
Throughout the ages various cultures have their own beliefs regarding the magical powers of diamonds. Ranging from wealth, eternal youth, friends, a happy marriage, and pleasant dreams. Also, they were suppose to ward off evil spirits, raise the dead, make the wearer invisible, signal infidelity, and cure diseases.
According to some old legends, diamonds are said to be splinters of broken stars. India's old belief is that diamonds were born from heavenly rain or lighting. The Romans thought that Cupid's arrows were tipped with diamonds. Also many cultures believed that the magical powers of a diamond would be enhanced when it was given as a gift.
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